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Wednesday, July 10, 2013
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Monday, January 17, 2011
ROLE OF आयुर्वेद IN CANCER MANAGEMENT
Today diseases like Cancer, HIV-AIDS, Hematological and Auto Immune disorders are increasing. They are very complicated as the complexity is at every level of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Gene Expression. So treating such disease is a big challenge. Surgery, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, MDT, Hormone Therapy, Blood Transfusion etc. are being tried to cure such diseases.
But limited success in these diseases (like in cancer with all conventional therapeutics overall 2.4% survival for 5 years after diagnosis) due to various factors like resistance, difficulty in targeting the specific disease area and additionally, toxicity of the drugs, Ablative Surgery, Radiation Damage and Chemotherapy Hazards.
Moreover drug research is a very costly task now a day. Studies published in 2006 report an average pre-tax cost of approximately $ 500 million to 2,000 million dollars depending on the therapy or the developing firm. (1) These figures relate only to new, innovative drugs (drugs with a New Chemical Entity BCE, also called New Active Substance NAS). Each year, worldwide, only about 26 such drugs enter the market (2005: 26, 2004: 24, 2003: 26, 2002: 28). The $800 million quoted include the cost of all drug development which did not result in a new drug. It also includes some 400 million $ of opportunity costs.
In India, traditional medicinal knowledge is very scientific and rich due to it is in practice since more than 5000 years, where many natural products are used as medicine. After the famous bio-piracy case of U.S. patent - TURMERIC for healing - (patent No. 5,401,504 ), The "Council for Scientific and Industrial Research" (C.S.I.R) in India have digitalize more than 35,000 prescriptions and remedies for various diseases under the project Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL). (2)
It is a wise step to conserve the knowledge & to provide this data to mine as well to work upon to find out the solution for these complicated disorders and safe -standardized medicines for other less drastic but complicated disorders like R.A., B.P.H., C.R.F., Obesity, Asthma, Diabetes etc., so the scientific community worldwide is looking at traditional holistic system of the medicines for a satisfactory approach in this direction.
On the other side, patients and the relatives of the patients start to search out alternate magical cure for cancer and mostly they meet quacks on the road. Being an Ayurveda practitioner, I have experienced the bitter truth that they expect MAGICAL CURE no matter whether the disease is in stage 4 or with or without metastasis. As there is a myth in society that Ayurveda can do magic and can cure any condition. But let me accept the truth that as an Ayurvedic Consultant we have our scope & limitations too. But there are many quacks claiming to cure all kinds of cancers & that to without examining the patients, without going through their reports. In fact such mal practice leads to mis-impression for entire pathy, Ayurveda.
Let me be honest that, in reality the classics of Ayurveda have never claimed such miracles. Ayurveda verbally means "Science of life" is mostly based on timeless classics better known as Samhitas like Charaka Samhita, Sushrut Samhita etc. written by Rishis. The Rishis were aware of chronicity and complications of the diseases and they have honestly classified the diseases according to the prognosis in 4 categories.
But limited success in these diseases (like in cancer with all conventional therapeutics overall 2.4% survival for 5 years after diagnosis) due to various factors like resistance, difficulty in targeting the specific disease area and additionally, toxicity of the drugs, Ablative Surgery, Radiation Damage and Chemotherapy Hazards.
Moreover drug research is a very costly task now a day. Studies published in 2006 report an average pre-tax cost of approximately $ 500 million to 2,000 million dollars depending on the therapy or the developing firm. (1) These figures relate only to new, innovative drugs (drugs with a New Chemical Entity BCE, also called New Active Substance NAS). Each year, worldwide, only about 26 such drugs enter the market (2005: 26, 2004: 24, 2003: 26, 2002: 28). The $800 million quoted include the cost of all drug development which did not result in a new drug. It also includes some 400 million $ of opportunity costs.
In India, traditional medicinal knowledge is very scientific and rich due to it is in practice since more than 5000 years, where many natural products are used as medicine. After the famous bio-piracy case of U.S. patent - TURMERIC for healing - (patent No. 5,401,504 ), The "Council for Scientific and Industrial Research" (C.S.I.R) in India have digitalize more than 35,000 prescriptions and remedies for various diseases under the project Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL). (2)
It is a wise step to conserve the knowledge & to provide this data to mine as well to work upon to find out the solution for these complicated disorders and safe -standardized medicines for other less drastic but complicated disorders like R.A., B.P.H., C.R.F., Obesity, Asthma, Diabetes etc., so the scientific community worldwide is looking at traditional holistic system of the medicines for a satisfactory approach in this direction.
On the other side, patients and the relatives of the patients start to search out alternate magical cure for cancer and mostly they meet quacks on the road. Being an Ayurveda practitioner, I have experienced the bitter truth that they expect MAGICAL CURE no matter whether the disease is in stage 4 or with or without metastasis. As there is a myth in society that Ayurveda can do magic and can cure any condition. But let me accept the truth that as an Ayurvedic Consultant we have our scope & limitations too. But there are many quacks claiming to cure all kinds of cancers & that to without examining the patients, without going through their reports. In fact such mal practice leads to mis-impression for entire pathy, Ayurveda.
Let me be honest that, in reality the classics of Ayurveda have never claimed such miracles. Ayurveda verbally means "Science of life" is mostly based on timeless classics better known as Samhitas like Charaka Samhita, Sushrut Samhita etc. written by Rishis. The Rishis were aware of chronicity and complications of the diseases and they have honestly classified the diseases according to the prognosis in 4 categories.
- Saadhya: the disease which can be cured easily.
- Krichha Saadhya: the disease which can be cured after hard efforts and with the help of Panchakarma and other procedures.
- Yaapya: The diseases which cannot be cured, but can be stabilized with the help of medicines and Panchakarma or surgery.
- Asaadhya: the disease which cannot be cured.
The word "CANCER" may be new to the field of Ayurveda, but ancient Ayurvedic classics did mention the clinical features resembling - cancer with the titles ofApachi, Gulma, Granthi, and Arbuda. The disease was even prevalent during the Vedic period. The story of Acceptance of Matsyagandha - reveals that the King Shantanu was afflicted with a type of cancer (Pundrika Arbuda). Some of the conditions mentioned in Ayurvedic classics can be summarized as follows:
| Manifestations in Ayurveda Ref: 3-21 | Manifestations in Modern Medicine |
| Charmakeel | Keloid |
| Padminikantaka | Papilloma of skin |
| Shosha / Pandu | Leukaemia |
| Medoja Galganda | Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
| Apachi | Hodgkin's Disease |
| Agantuja Stanaroga | Cancer of the Breast |
| Yakrutodara | Hepatomegaly due to liver Metastasis |
| Pleehodara | Spleenomegaly due to Infiltration in Spleen |
| Raktagulma | Tumours of Uterus / Ovary |
| Rakta, Mamsaja, Medoja, Oshta Roga | Carcinoma of Lips |
| Kachchapa, Raktarbuda, Mamsa Sanghata | Carcinoma Palate |
| Balasa, Gilayu, Kantha Roga | Bronchogenic Ca. and Lung tumours |
| Mamsatana | Tumours of the Pharynx |
| Swarabhanga | Tumours of Larynx |
| Karnarbuda | Cauliflower Ear |
| Ajakajata | Staphyloma |
| Nasa Arsas | Neoplastic Nasal Polyps |
| Nasaarbuda | Rhinoscleroma |
| Raktapitta, Pandu | Various Type of Leukemia |
Keeping this truth in mind it can be stated that that Ayurveda can be helpful in the management of cancer many ways, as prophylactic, palliative, curative & supportive and no doubt it helps to improve quality of life (QOL) as follows:
1. As adjuvant or co-therapy along with chemotherapy or radio therapy; & Post surgery care:
a. To minimize the side effects of these therapies.
b. In reducing the therapeutic doze of the various drugs used as in some studies on cow urine.
c. Can be helpful in targeting the specific tissues as in some studies on nano-particles of gold.
2. To slower the progress of the cancer, when chemo therapy, radio therapy or surgery is contra-indicated due to many reasons and patients have no other choice;
3. With anti tumor action with the help of herbal/herbo-mineral compounds found to be effective in some studies.
4. Cell protective activity of drugs prescribed in Rasayana therapy: to improve comfort and the quality of life for individuals with cancer.
1. As adjuvant or co-therapy along with chemotherapy
or radio therapy:
Chemotherapy is the first and significant medical modality of cancer, which involves introduction of strong medicines. The target is fast growing cells. However the important obstacle is the toxicity it causes to normal tissues of the body and presence of mutations that confer resistance to these chemotherapeutic agents.
The use of antioxidants during chemotherapy enhances therapy by reducing the generation of oxidative stress induced aldehydes. Natural drugs which are used as Rasayans have been proved earlier to have antioxidant activities.
Rasayana (rejuvenation) is one of the 8 specialize branches of Ayurveda. In therapeutic process Rasa is concerned with the conservation, transformation, and revitalization of energy. Rasa nourishes our body, boosts immunity and helps to keep the body and mind in best of health. (22)
Rasayana therapy enriches rasa with nutrients to help one attain longevity, memory, intelligence, health, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion & voice, optimum development of physique and sense organs, mastery over phonetics, respectability and brilliance. (23)
Rasayana herbs and formulas are similar to adaptogens but although the categories overlap, they are not identical. Adaptogens are nontoxic herbs that work in a nonspecific way to balance the normal physiology of the body, by acting upon the HPA axis and the neuroendocrine system. Rasayanas are nontoxic herbs or formulas which balance the body in a generalized way although they may work on a specific organ or function and do not necessarily affect the HPA axis. Rasayanas also overlap with tonics but are amphoteric in that they will not over-tonify organs. ( 24)
Most commonly all the drugs which are used in Rasayana therapy have property like Tridoshashamana. The most commonly prescribed Rasayana drugs are Triphala (Terminalia Chebula, Embellica officinale, Terminalia ballarica), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifoia) and Punarnava (Bohhervia diffusa). According to my clinical experience such drugs have shown very impressive effect to protect body from the side effects (of chemo and radio therapy) like Alopecia, Nausea, Nail changes, Constipation, Anorexia and Vomiting. Myelo-suppression one of the fatal toxicity of chemotherapy led to delay in the schedule of chemotherapy. The patients who are receiving the Ayurveda Rx along with CT have also shown more regularity in maintaining the chemotherapy cycles as the hematological levels can be maintained up to normal state. More than 50 research work has been carried out at M.D. and Ph.D. level on cancer at various Ayurvedic institutes including Gujarat Ayurveda University, which has shown the very effective action as chermo-preventive radio-preventive agents. (25)
Interestingly, Snehana i.e. intake of various medicated ghee or oil preparations in a classical way a week or 10 days prior to chemo therapy or radio therapy have also shown less toxic effects during RT/CT.
There is need is to establish biomarkers to assess the effect of Rasayan therapy in terms of apoptosis. Cyto-protection, cell recovery, anti-neoplastic activity and vital of all immune augmentation. (26)
2. To slower the progress of the cancer:
There are many conditions when chemo therapy, radio therapy or surgery are contra indicated or not prescribed due to many reasons like the age factor, body resistance, severe side effects, location etc. In that case doctor or patients have no other choice left. Many patients do not prefer such modern management or some have deep faith in Ayurveda. Such patients more often comes to Ayurveda practitioner. Few cases are presented here:
1. As adjuvant or co-therapy along with chemotherapy or radio therapy; & Post surgery care:
a. To minimize the side effects of these therapies.
b. In reducing the therapeutic doze of the various drugs used as in some studies on cow urine.
c. Can be helpful in targeting the specific tissues as in some studies on nano-particles of gold.
2. To slower the progress of the cancer, when chemo therapy, radio therapy or surgery is contra-indicated due to many reasons and patients have no other choice;
3. With anti tumor action with the help of herbal/herbo-mineral compounds found to be effective in some studies.
4. Cell protective activity of drugs prescribed in Rasayana therapy: to improve comfort and the quality of life for individuals with cancer.
1. As adjuvant or co-therapy along with chemotherapy
or radio therapy:
Chemotherapy is the first and significant medical modality of cancer, which involves introduction of strong medicines. The target is fast growing cells. However the important obstacle is the toxicity it causes to normal tissues of the body and presence of mutations that confer resistance to these chemotherapeutic agents.
The use of antioxidants during chemotherapy enhances therapy by reducing the generation of oxidative stress induced aldehydes. Natural drugs which are used as Rasayans have been proved earlier to have antioxidant activities.
Rasayana (rejuvenation) is one of the 8 specialize branches of Ayurveda. In therapeutic process Rasa is concerned with the conservation, transformation, and revitalization of energy. Rasa nourishes our body, boosts immunity and helps to keep the body and mind in best of health. (22)
Rasayana therapy enriches rasa with nutrients to help one attain longevity, memory, intelligence, health, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion & voice, optimum development of physique and sense organs, mastery over phonetics, respectability and brilliance. (23)
Rasayana herbs and formulas are similar to adaptogens but although the categories overlap, they are not identical. Adaptogens are nontoxic herbs that work in a nonspecific way to balance the normal physiology of the body, by acting upon the HPA axis and the neuroendocrine system. Rasayanas are nontoxic herbs or formulas which balance the body in a generalized way although they may work on a specific organ or function and do not necessarily affect the HPA axis. Rasayanas also overlap with tonics but are amphoteric in that they will not over-tonify organs. ( 24)
Most commonly all the drugs which are used in Rasayana therapy have property like Tridoshashamana. The most commonly prescribed Rasayana drugs are Triphala (Terminalia Chebula, Embellica officinale, Terminalia ballarica), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifoia) and Punarnava (Bohhervia diffusa). According to my clinical experience such drugs have shown very impressive effect to protect body from the side effects (of chemo and radio therapy) like Alopecia, Nausea, Nail changes, Constipation, Anorexia and Vomiting. Myelo-suppression one of the fatal toxicity of chemotherapy led to delay in the schedule of chemotherapy. The patients who are receiving the Ayurveda Rx along with CT have also shown more regularity in maintaining the chemotherapy cycles as the hematological levels can be maintained up to normal state. More than 50 research work has been carried out at M.D. and Ph.D. level on cancer at various Ayurvedic institutes including Gujarat Ayurveda University, which has shown the very effective action as chermo-preventive radio-preventive agents. (25)
Interestingly, Snehana i.e. intake of various medicated ghee or oil preparations in a classical way a week or 10 days prior to chemo therapy or radio therapy have also shown less toxic effects during RT/CT.
There is need is to establish biomarkers to assess the effect of Rasayan therapy in terms of apoptosis. Cyto-protection, cell recovery, anti-neoplastic activity and vital of all immune augmentation. (26)
2. To slower the progress of the cancer:
There are many conditions when chemo therapy, radio therapy or surgery are contra indicated or not prescribed due to many reasons like the age factor, body resistance, severe side effects, location etc. In that case doctor or patients have no other choice left. Many patients do not prefer such modern management or some have deep faith in Ayurveda. Such patients more often comes to Ayurveda practitioner. Few cases are presented here:
| Patient # | Diagnosis & Stage | Chief complaints | Treatment given | Result |
| 1 | Rectal Cancer | Bleeding per rectum, Severe constipation disturbed sleep, Weight loss, Constant tiredness, occasional Vomiting | Anuvaasana Basti (Ashwagandha Tailam) | Excellent relief from sufferings, relived constipation. Improved the quality of sleep. Patient died with a smile after 6 months. |
| 2 | Anal Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) | Severe pain, disturbed sleep. Loss of appetite, Anal itching. Swollen lymph nodes in the anal area. | Pichu of Mahanarayana oil, Aamapachana Vat | Excellent relief from pain and itching; Improved the quality of sleep. Patient died with a smile after 8 months |
| 3 | Cancer Lanrynx. Squamous cell carcinoma (advanced stage) | RT and Tracheotomy / Dryness of mouth and esophagus, weakness, disturbed sleep | Moneta Wellness noni (combination of herbal drugs like Morinda citrifolia, Withnia Somnifera, Triphala & Guduchi satva) | Dryness reduced remarkably, increased appetite and vitality, reduced the side effects of radio therapy |
| 4 | Lung Cancer (April '05) (Sq. C. carcinoma with hemoptysis) | Patient had weight loss, daily hemoptysis, radiating pain in right arm. Sonography showed metastatic changes in liver | Conservative treatment at OPD level IPGT&RA, Jamnagar Drugs prescribed were Aampachana vati, Sitopladi churan, Samir pannaga rasa | Intervals of Hemoptysis reduced up to occasional per week. Weight gain up to 5 kgs. Prognosis of death was of 4-6 months, he is still living since last 24 months. |
| 5 | Pancreatic Cancer | Surgery done/ still had complaints like Jaundice, Pain, Weight loss, mouth ulcers, Digestive problems, Diabetes mellitus | Guduchi satva, Moneta Welness Noni Shankha vati | Complaint of xerostomia, Abdominal pain was reduced within 5 days, mouth ulcers were healed within 10 days. |
3. Anti-tumor Plant Drugs:
Comprehensive reviews of the technical and folklore literature have been published (27), wherein citations are recorded for the use of different plant species which have been used or recommended in various parts of the world for the treatment of cancer or other conditions such as warts and tumors. In the USA, the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Centre (CCNSC), now incorporated into the Development Therapeutic Programme (DTP) has screened thousands of plant extracts against standard tumor systems consisting of solid tumors and leukemias.
At the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) in Bombay, more than 600 species of indigenous (drugs) plants have been screened using standard transplantable tumors. Eight plants have exhibited meaningful anti-cancer properties. The Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) at Lucknow started in 1964, a programme for the screening of plant extract for a wide range of biological activities. CDRI has found out about 70 plants whose anti-cancer activity has been confirmed.[Certain common drugs in Ayurveda like Ginger (Ardrakao, Tagar, Antamoola, Bala, Sapotaparna, Shallaki have been reported for their specific anti-tumor activities by various researchers (28)
Cell Protective Activity:
There are many herbs which can protect cells from various toxic effects. For example: Regular blood transfusions at regular intervals develop chronic iron overload in the body, which ultimately produces many hazardous effects like cirrhosis of liver, cardiac problems etc. in the body. During my Ph.D. research work, the cellular protective effect of two poly herbal compounds against iron sorbitol induced chronic iron overloading was studied in Charles foster rats (150-250 gm). The test drugs showed remarkable cell protection against the toxicity. Such drugs can also be useful for the cell protection against detrimental effects of RT-CT. (The photographs of histological slides and other results will be discussed in details during the presentation.)
Drugs and Herbs of Ayurveda can be used in Treatment of Cancer
Every plant contains thousands of various alkaloids, steroids, flavinoids, terpinoids and other molecules with bioactivity, and Ayurveda preparations may consist of many different plants. The presence of such a wide variety of ligands suggests that the preparation may be acting on a wide variety of tissues through a number of different mechanisms. So it is always advisable to prescribe drug as a whole instead of specific derivative. Here is the list of some important poly-herbal, herbo-mineral compounds which are proven as very useful in different types and stages of cancer:
Drugs and herbs of Ayurveda used according to specific system location:
At the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) in Bombay, more than 600 species of indigenous (drugs) plants have been screened using standard transplantable tumors. Eight plants have exhibited meaningful anti-cancer properties. The Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) at Lucknow started in 1964, a programme for the screening of plant extract for a wide range of biological activities. CDRI has found out about 70 plants whose anti-cancer activity has been confirmed.[Certain common drugs in Ayurveda like Ginger (Ardrakao, Tagar, Antamoola, Bala, Sapotaparna, Shallaki have been reported for their specific anti-tumor activities by various researchers (28)
Cell Protective Activity:
There are many herbs which can protect cells from various toxic effects. For example: Regular blood transfusions at regular intervals develop chronic iron overload in the body, which ultimately produces many hazardous effects like cirrhosis of liver, cardiac problems etc. in the body. During my Ph.D. research work, the cellular protective effect of two poly herbal compounds against iron sorbitol induced chronic iron overloading was studied in Charles foster rats (150-250 gm). The test drugs showed remarkable cell protection against the toxicity. Such drugs can also be useful for the cell protection against detrimental effects of RT-CT. (The photographs of histological slides and other results will be discussed in details during the presentation.)
Drugs and Herbs of Ayurveda can be used in Treatment of Cancer
Every plant contains thousands of various alkaloids, steroids, flavinoids, terpinoids and other molecules with bioactivity, and Ayurveda preparations may consist of many different plants. The presence of such a wide variety of ligands suggests that the preparation may be acting on a wide variety of tissues through a number of different mechanisms. So it is always advisable to prescribe drug as a whole instead of specific derivative. Here is the list of some important poly-herbal, herbo-mineral compounds which are proven as very useful in different types and stages of cancer:
Drugs and herbs of Ayurveda used according to specific system location:
- Brain Cancer -Shatavari (Aparagus), Yashtimadhu (licorice), Mandukaparni (Bacopa ) & Kastoori Bhairav Rasa, Brahmi Vati, Smritisagar Rasa etc.
- Oropharyngeal Cancers - Pathyadi kwath, Varunadi Kwath, Kaishor guggulu, Kasamarda (Cassia oxidentalis), Mahalaxmivilas Rasa etc.
- Lung Cancers - Malla sindura, Samir pannaga Rasa, Somal Bhasma, Kantakari, Vyaghri, Vasasava, Kanakasava, Chitraka Haritakiavaleha, Bhallatakavaleha, Pippali (Piper longum), Hirak Rasayana etc.
- Stomach Cancers: Shatavari (Asparagus resimosus), Amlaki (Philanthus amblica), Aloe Vera, Changeri Ghrita, Mahakalyanaka Ghritam, Bhomi Amalaki, (Philanthus nurare), Avipattikara Churnam, etc.
- Intestinal Cancers: Shigru (Moringa olifera), Panchamrit parpti, Brihada Gangadhara Churnam, Kutaja Ghanavati, Kutaja avaleha, etc.
- Female Genital Cancers: Ashoka (Saraka Ashoka), mukta panchamrita rasa, Fala Ghrita, Dhanvantara Tailam etc.
- Mail Genital Cancers: Shilajit, vanga Bhasma, Chandrodaya Rasa, chyawana prash, Triphala, Makardhvaja etc.
- Liver Cancers; Bhumvamalaki, Bhallataka, Triphala, Guduchi, Arogyavardhini, Phalatrikadi Kwatha etc.
- Blood Cancers: Somala Bhasma, Ashvagandha, Samirpannaga rasa, Anantmula (Hermidesmus indicus)-Suvarna Vasant Malti Rasa etc.
- Bone Cancers: Aabha Gugglu, Madhu Malini Vasant Rasa, Sariva etc.
- Breast Cancers: Gojivha, Chinchabhallataka, Jivaniya gana etc.
- Skin Cancers: Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Sameera Panaga Rasa, Kaishor Guggulu, Gandhak Rasayan etc.
Drugs for Symptomatic Relief:
- All Gugglu preparations for pain relief, and tumor reducing.
- Chhardiripu Vati, Sutshekhar ras, Shatavari etc. for nausea and vomiting
- Gandhak Rasayan, Mahalaxmivilas Ras etc.for recurrent infections
- Bilva, Mayurpichha, Kutaja, Tankan, etc. for loose motions
- Shankhavati, aamapachana Vati, Shigru, Chitrakadi vati etc.for pain in the abdomen
- Katuki, Rohitaka, Shamaka yoga etc.for pain in pancreas and renal colic.
- Pathyadi Kwatha, Navajivana Rasa, Shirashooladi vajra rasa, etc. for headaches
- Phalatrikadi Kwatha, Katuki, Triphala, Beejapuraka, trikatu etc. in jaundice
- Praval panchamit, Vasa+Goat milk etc. in epistaxis, bleeding
- Ashvagandha Tailam, Guggulu, Aabha+Madhumandura etc.in bone pain
As adjuvant or co therapy with RT-CT:
Triphala Rasayana, Chyawanprash, Aamalaki Rasayana, Amrit Rasayana, Brahm Rasayana, Kamdugdha Ras, Laxami Vilas Ras, Laxman Vilas Ras, Makrdhawaj vati, Mukta Panchamrit Rasayana, Nari Kalyan Pak, Navjeevan Ras, Navratna Ras, Navratnakalp Amrit, Panchamrit Ras, Smritisagar Ras, Suvarna Vasant Malti, Swapanmehtank, Vasant Kusmakar Ras, Visha Rasaayana, Brihada Vangeshwar Rasa, Chandanadi powder, etc.
In nut shell, it can be concluded with a word that Ayurveda can be very useful both ways; to add years to life, and to add life to years. To combat cancer and combining traditional healthcare knowledge with conventional systems will make complete health care setup under one roof. With sincere pulled efforts and with a multidisciplinary approach of devoted Ayurvedic physicians, Oncologists, surgeons, Pharmacologist, experimental biologists an appropriate solution may be find out for the cancer.
References:
1. Adams C, Brantner V. "Estimating the cost of new drug development: is it really 802 million dollars?". Health Aff (Millwood) 25 (2): 420-8. PMID 16522582.
2. Johnston, Barbara and Webb, Ginger (1997). "Turmeric Patent Overturned in Legal Victory". HerbalGram Fall 1997 (41): 11.
3. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 13
4. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 13
5. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 16.
6. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
7. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
8. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 10
9. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam. 13.
10. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 13
11. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 5
12. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16
13. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
14. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16
15. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16
16. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16.
17. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
18. Sushrut Samhita Uttara Tantram 17
19. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 29
20. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 29
21. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 29.
22. Tillotson, Alan, AHG, PhD D.Ay, Understanding Herbs.
23. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 1
24. Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief, Healing Arts Press, 2007
25. Bhavana Bhoot et al, Poorvi Vyas et al, I.P.G.T. & R.A. Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar.
26. Zankhana Mankad et al, I.P.G.T. & R.A. Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar.
27. Hartwell 1971.
28. Chitnis, M.P. et. al : Ind-J. Med. Res : 60:359 (1972).Dhar M.L., et. al : Ind. J. Expt. Biol. 6 : 232 (1968).Mukerji B. et. al: Ind. Med. Gaz. 77-723 (1942), Chem. Abstra, 37-3877 (1943).;Mukerji S. et. al. Ind. J. Pharm. 32, 48 (1970); Indian Medicinal Plants: chemexil; Bulletin of the Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre - Vol. XVII No. 23, Jan (1993).
1. Adams C, Brantner V. "Estimating the cost of new drug development: is it really 802 million dollars?". Health Aff (Millwood) 25 (2): 420-8. PMID 16522582.
2. Johnston, Barbara and Webb, Ginger (1997). "Turmeric Patent Overturned in Legal Victory". HerbalGram Fall 1997 (41): 11.
3. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 13
4. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 13
5. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 16.
6. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
7. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
8. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 10
9. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam. 13.
10. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 13
11. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 5
12. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16
13. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
14. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16
15. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16
16. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 16.
17. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 11
18. Sushrut Samhita Uttara Tantram 17
19. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 29
20. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 29
21. Sushrut Samhita Nidana Sthanam 29.
22. Tillotson, Alan, AHG, PhD D.Ay, Understanding Herbs.
23. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthanam 1
24. Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief, Healing Arts Press, 2007
25. Bhavana Bhoot et al, Poorvi Vyas et al, I.P.G.T. & R.A. Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar.
26. Zankhana Mankad et al, I.P.G.T. & R.A. Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar.
27. Hartwell 1971.
28. Chitnis, M.P. et. al : Ind-J. Med. Res : 60:359 (1972).Dhar M.L., et. al : Ind. J. Expt. Biol. 6 : 232 (1968).Mukerji B. et. al: Ind. Med. Gaz. 77-723 (1942), Chem. Abstra, 37-3877 (1943).;Mukerji S. et. al. Ind. J. Pharm. 32, 48 (1970); Indian Medicinal Plants: chemexil; Bulletin of the Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre - Vol. XVII No. 23, Jan (1993).
Saturday, January 15, 2011
पंचकर्म
The five therapeutic means of eliminating toxins from the body, which constitute the Panchakarma, are Vamana, Virechana, Nasya, Basti and Raktamoskshana. The therapies deal with stress related problems and the toxins that may trigger an ailment, at the same time, they concentrate on creating a balance between the doshas (energies that govern all biological functions). Although Panchakarma is a highly effective therapy, it can remain ineffective, if the person doesn't follow a special detoxification diet, along with the treatments. In this section, we have provided comprehensive information on Panchakarma therapy and its significance in Ayurveda.
Purification Therapy Basti Karma
One of the main procedures of Panchakarma Chikitsa, Basti karma concentrates on the elimination of the loosened vata dosha out through the rectum. The treatment involves the introduction of medicinal substances, such as, herbal oils and decoctions in a liquid medium, into the rectum of the person. This is because vata is predominantly located in the colon and bones.
Nasya Karma
One of the Panchakarmas mentioned in Ayurveda, Nasya therapy is a process wherein the drug (herbalized oils and liquid medicines) is administered through the nostrils. Since nose is the gateway of the head, the therapy is highly effective in curing a number of diseases pertaining to the head, if it is performed systematically.
Raktamoksha Therapy (Blood Letting)
Raktamoksha therapy is one of the Panchakarmas of Ayurveda. Literally meaning Blood Letting, Raktamoksha is performed to eliminate the toxins from the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract. It is a safe, painless and highly effective form of Panchakarma. Raktamoksha entails the refinement of blood, hence administered to treat disorders pertaining to skin, such as urticaria, rash, eczema, acne, scabies, leucoderma, chronic itching and hives.
Vamana Therapy
The kapha toxins accumulated in the body and the respiratory tract are effectively removed by Vamana, one of the five therapies of Panchakarma in Ayurveda. Vamana is therapeutic vomiting, which is a medicated emesis therapy. People with high imbalance of kapha are given this type of treatment, which loosens and mobilizes the toxins, in an effort to eliminate them from the body.
Virechana Therapy
Ayurveda, the science of life, emphasizes on the adoption of a number of preventative and healing therapies, which can purify and rejuvenate the body, mind and soul. The medicinal form of science is not just a healing system, but also an art of appropriate, healthy and disease-free living. It aims at increasing the longevity of people of all age
Monday, January 10, 2011
Some important Drugs 4.TAIL PARNI (Eucalyptus globulus )
Compilation Work on
Tailparni
SECTION – I
· INTRODUCTION OF AYURVEDA
· INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYA GUNA
· IMPORTANCE OF TAILPARNI
· NIRUKTI OF TAILPARNI
· HISTORY OF TAILPARNI
· CLASSIFICATION
· VERNACULAR NAMES
· GANA/VARGA
· SYNONYMS
· UTILITY OF SYNONYMS
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda is the science of life can be maintained amongst the most ancient medical science in the world.
Ayurveda provides rational means for the treatment of many internal diseases are considered to be obstinate and incurable in other system of medicine. Simultaneously, it lays a great deal of emphasis upon the maintenance of positive health of an individual. Thus, aim of both the prevention and cure of the disease. Utility of the science, ayurveda is of two kind viz. protection and preservation. In health ayurveda privation and evaluation of disease. While the firmer deals with daily regimen seasonal conduct etc. The later concentrates upon the administration of drug and diet to word of the disease.
Like the other medical science, ayurveda has been applied both internal and management of disease.
The relation between ayurveda and Vedic treatise has been mentioned but the usages of the plants as medicine systematically started around the time of charaka samhita (4000 B. C.)
An ancient hymps of Rugveda, we find enologies of plant and trees that provides food, shelter, medicine and delight to the human beings nourishing. Taste determined the plants of food value while the systematic effect of the body suggested the medicinal value.
INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYAGUNA
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF DRAVYAGUNA:
The first mentioning of Dravyaguna is traceable from the description of charaka who defined Ayurveda as the science which deals with the Dravya-Guna & Karmas of helpful and harmful materials.
Dravyaguna shastra has been identified as separate specially by Narahari; the author of Raja Nighantu (17 A.D.)
Acharya Priyavrat Sharma defined Dravyaguna Shastra as the branch which deals with the properties, action and therapeutic effect of various dravyas (drug).
2. SEVEN CONSTITUENTS OF DRAVYAS –
Bhavamishra (16-17 A.D.) quoted about the five constituents of a dravya viz. Rasa (taste), virya (potency), vipak (Metabolite), Guna (Property) and Prabhav (non-specific activity) adding dravya and karma (action) to the above five Acharya Yadavji Trikamji mentioned above ‘ Sapta Padarthas’ (Seven constituents of Dravya).
Dravyaguna Shastra mainly deals with these seven aspects under Fundamental principle.
1. DRAVYA:
A substance that possesses Guna (properties) and karma (action) with inherent relation in it is known as Dravya.
2. RASA (TASTE):
The property, which is perceived through the taste – buds i.e. Rasanendriya, is known as Rasa.
3. GUNA (PHYSICAL PROPERTIES):
It is property, which will have inherent relation with the Dravya but remain inactive. That means it cannot perform any activity of its own without the help of other ingredients. It also acts as non-inherent reason (Asamava karana) for a given therapeutic effects. E.g. Snigdha (Unctous), Seeta (cold), Tikshna (Stimulant) etc.
4. VIRYA (POTENCY):
It is the property by which the drug produces the therapeutic effect. It is mentioned that every action of a drug is under the control of virya.
Eg. Seeta virya (endothermic) and Ushna virya (exothermic)
5. VIPAKA (DRUG METABOLISM):
It is property of a drug which is responsible for the change in the original taste etc. on exposure to GIT enzymes and which is responsible for the final from of the drug inside the body. e.g. Madhura, Amla, Katu, Vipak.
6. PRABHAV (NON SPECIFIC ACTIVITY):
When drug produces a result, which is not in accordance with the constituent viz. Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipak, then it is denoted as prabhav or shakti.
7. KARMA (PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS):
The inspirable reason for the association (Samyaga) and dissociation (Vibhaga) of drug in exhibiting it’s pharmacological action is known as “ Karma ”. e.g. Deepana, Pachana.
In Ayurveda, we can find lots of species may be used as medicines as well as food articles for living there are lot of different opinion regarding the identification properties, Guna, karma of each drug. This was necessarily for a type of work called as compilation to be done in drug to bring the various methods of administration, preparation and other information to common platform. This kind of work help to depend the knowledge of the particular drug and it is of immense value for the uplifment of ayurveda today.
As the part of II phase B.A.M.S. in DG compilation on the plant origin was required to be presented by every student.
This is compilation work on ‘TAILPARNI’ this work, I have neither changed anything from the source not added my opinion. It is for the sequence and proper understanding. That I have arranged the whole lots in an order and detected the repetitions. I have put my all efforts to collect all the available information about ‘TAILPARNI ’ in various texts.
In Little work is of any use of those who are interested and involved. I am glad. This mistakes that is visualized suggestions and us pardonable corrections are greatly solicited.
IMPORTANCE OF TAILPARNI
NIRUKTI Of TAILPARNI
तैल युक्तानि पर्णानि संत्यस्याः ।।
Ø Its leaves are full of volatile oil.
GANA / VARGA
| | GANA |
| CHARAKA | |
| SUSHRUTA | |
| VAGBHATA | |
| RAJNIGHANTU | |
| M.Ni. | |
| DHA.Ni. | |
| K.Ni. | |
| B.P.N. | |
| Ni.A. | |
| V.N | |
| P.N | |
VERNACULAR NAMES
| SANSKRIT | Sugandha patra, Tail patra |
| MARATHI | Tail parni |
| HINDI | Bluegum, Eukaliptus |
| KANNADA | |
| TELGU | Neelgiri chettu |
| TAMIL | Yukkalimaram |
| GUJRATI | Nilgiri |
| PUNJABI | |
| FARSHI | |
| MALAYA | Yukkalimaram |
| Urdu | |
| | |
[Ref-]
SYNONYMS
Ø Acc. to Dr. K.C.Chunekar (commentator of Bhava Prakash)
1. Sarvatobhadra
2. Malayaja
3. Ekalipta
4. Haridrum
5. Telpatra
6. Sugandhapatra
7. Haritparni
8. Raktaniryas
[Ref-]
UTILITY Of SYNONYMS
[Ref-]
SECTION –II
· LATIN NAME
· KULA/FAMILY
· GENERAL CHARECTRICS FETURE OF FAMILY
· BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
· HABITATE
· VARIETIES
· CONTRAVERSIAL STATUS
LATIN NAME
Ø Eucalyptus Citriodora heok
· Eu=good, kalypto=conceal,the calyx which covers the flowers, Falls of like a cap all with white flowers.
· Citriodora, citrus=lemon, odor=smell
· Derivation of Name: Eucalyptus...from Greek, eu, well and calyptos, covered, referring to the cap which covers the developing flowers.
globulus...from Latin, globulus, a little button, referring to the shape of the operculum (the cap on the fruit).
globulus...from Latin, globulus, a little button, referring to the shape of the operculum (the cap on the fruit).
·
·
·
[Ref-V.m.gogte]
KULA & FAMILY
Kula : Lavanga kula
Family : Myrtaceae
[Ref-V.M,gogte]
GENARAL CHARECTERS
[Ref-]
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Ø A straight growing tree upto 100 meters tall.
Ø Bark – Smoky white with scars of old bark. If bark is cut bluish secretion comes out.
Ø Leaf – Entire,sessile when small with stalks
when big, lanceolate 10 to 20 gm.
Ø -Oblong and emit a pleasant odor on crushing.
Ø Flowers – white, rarely yellowish or redish, 1-3 together in axils, thick and warty.
Ø Fruit - Rounded, dehiscent towards the apex.
Ø Seed – Many and small.
Ø Wood – its wood is used for railway track sleepers.
[Ref-]
HABITATE
Ø Australia (originally)
Ø Shillong
Ø Shimla
Ø Now found in india, hills & mountains of nilgiri.
VARIETIES
Ø About 600 species are found in Australia.(National botanical garden of Canberra.)
[Ref-j.l.n.]
CONTRAVESIAL STATES
[Ref-]
SECTION III
· MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTER
· CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC CHARACTER
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Ø Cineol – 62%
Ø Eucalyptol – 50 to 60% (in oil contain, so mites do not attack the tree. )
Ø Pinenes – 24%
Ø Sesquiterpenc Alcohol – 5%
[Ref-]
SECTION –IV
· PROPERTIES
· ACTIONS
· USEDFUL PART
· MATRA[dose]
· SYSTAMIC ACTION
· USED
· FORMULATION OF DRUG
· USES OF FORMULATION
PROPERTIES
1. Rasa – Katu, Tikta, Kashaya
2. Virya – Ushna
3. Guna – Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshana
4. Vipaka – Katu
5. Doshaghnata – Kapha-pittahara, Kapha-vataghna
ACTIONS
1. Balya
2. Vedunahara
3. Varna sodhana
4. Durgandha Nashak
5. Krumidhana
USEFUL PART
Ø Leaf
Ø Gum
Ø Oil
Ø Niryas
MATRA (DOSE)
Ø Leaf powder - 1-2 gm
Ø Phanta - 10-50 ml
Ø Niryasa - 0.5 to 1 gm
Ø Gum - 1-2 gm
Ø Oil - 1 to 3 drops
Ø Decoction - 20 to 50 gm
ACTIVITIES
Ø Analgesic and anti-inflammatory
Ø Anthelmitntic
Ø Antidiabetic
Ø Antifungal
Ø Antihyperglycemic
Ø Antimicrobial
Ø Antioxidant
Ø Antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic
Ø Antiviral
USES OF TAILPARNI
v External :-
Ø Old, preserve oil useful in pyogenit infections.
Ø It is used to prepare ointments mixture of eucalyptus oil and mustard oil is used in osteoarthritis.
Ø Inhalation of oil in hot water vapours is useful in various lung conditions.
Ø Its analgesic property is useful in headache, bodyache and neuropathy.
Ø Enema of oil and water is useful in tread worms.
v Internal :-
Ø In small doses it is cardio stimulant but in large dose causes cardiac arrest.
Ø Oil is useful in loss of appetite and flatulence.
Ø Gum is used in diarrhea, dysentery, bronchitis and lungs infections.
VISHISTHA YOGA
1. Sapta guna Tail
2. Pancha Guna Tail
3. Nilgiri Tail
USES OF FORMULATION
Ø Oil is useful in loss of appetite and flatulence.
Ø Oil is useful in cystitis and chronic pyuria.
Ø Decoction of dry leaves is useful in chronic fever and typhoid fever it is a diaphoretic.
[Ref-]
SECTION –V
· COLLECTION & STORAGE
· CULTIVATION & PRAPOGATION
· SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS
COLLECTION & STORAGE
CULTIVATION & PRAPOGATION
Ø The tree is popular in cultivation, particularly for its attractive, blue-grey (glaucous) juvenile foliage and fast growth. However, it is really too large for normal-sized surburban blocks and it has a strong and vigorous root system which can cause damage to buildings and underground pipes if the plant is not properly located. The leaves fruits and branches all have a strong 'eucalypt' fragrance and can be used as a 'pot pourri' in cupboards and drawers.
Ø E.globulus has an open textured wood with distinct growth rings. The timber is strong and durable and has been used for a variety of purposes including railway sleepers, piles, paper making, oil and honey. The tree coppices well and has been used for fuel. The volatile oil content is relatively low but that hasn't prevented substantial oil harvesting from the species, particularly in Spain and Portugal. The oil is pale yellow in colour and is used in perfumery and in soap making
SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS
ADULTERANTS :-
Ø Rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) addition of eucalyptus oil Eucalyptus
globulus) & camphor oil white (Cinnamomum camphora).
globulus) & camphor oil white (Cinnamomum camphora).
Ø Generally not justified due to low cost of oil, but possibility of cutting with synthetic cineole. Often redistilled for pharmaceutical rating
Ø terpinen-4-ol and a- & g-terpinenes can now be as expensive
as the oil).
as the oil).
[Ref-]
SECTION –VI
· RESEARCHES
· REFERENCES (SHLOKA)
· BIBILIOGRAPHY
RESEARCHES
REFERENCES (SHLOKA)
1. तैलपर्ळः सुगन्धाढ्यपत्रो हरितपर्ळकः ।
सृजति क्षतमात्रेळ नीलनिर्यास इत्यासौ ।। (द्र.वि.)
2. हरित्पळस्तैलपर्ळो तैलपर्ळक इत्यपि ।
सुगन्धपत्रो गन्धाढ्यो नीलनिर्यासश्च सः ।। (स्व)
3. तैलपर्ळः लघु स्निग्धः कटुतिक्तकषायकः ।
वीर्योष्ळः कफवाध्नः पुतिजन्तुहरः स्मृतः ।।
जीर्ळकासे प्रतिश्याये स्वरभेदे च शस्यते । (द्र. वि.)
4. तैलपर्ळः कटस्तिक्तः कषायोष्ळो लघुस्मृतः ।
दीपनः पाचनो ह्दधो मूत्रळो ज्वरनाशकः ।।
जीर्ळकासशिरः शूलकफदौगन्ध्यनाशनः ।
पूयमेहक्षयश्वासतन्तुकृमि विकारनुत् ।।
अग्नीमान्धप्रतिश्याय वस्तिरोगप्रवाहिकाः ।
स्वरभेदयेकत्प्लीह हद्गदांश्च विनाशयेत् ।। (स्व.)
5. हरिद्रुमो ज्वरहरः कीटमर्दश्च तिक्तकः ।।
कफपितहरस्तीकः सुगन्धः पृतिनाशनः ।
बलप्रदो रुचिकरी क्षताक्षेपविनाशजः ।।
जीर्ळ दुर्बाष्पविषमज्वरह्रत् कामशुलनुत् ।
तैलं दुर्गन्धहरळं पत्रं र्स्वरुजापहम् ।
सम्पर्कादस्य नश्यन्ति सर्वे रोगा न संशयः ।। (आ. वि.)
BIBILIOGRAPHY
· Charaka Samhita - Acharya Priyavrat Sharma.
· Sushruta Samhita – Pranjivan Manikchand Mehta
· Astanga Hridaya – Vagbhata
· Bhavaprakash Nighantu - Gangasahay Pandeya
· Nighantu Adarsha – Shri Bapala Vaidya
· Raj Nighantu – Indradev Tripathi
· Dhanwantri Nighantu – Shri P. V. Sharma
· Dravya - Guna Vijnana – J. L. N. Shastry
· Kaideva Nighantu – P. V. Sharma
· A Text Book of Systematic Botany – R. N. Sutaria
· Indian Medicinal Plants Vol – III : Kirtikar K. R. & B. D. Basu
· Oushadhi Niruktmala - J. N. N. Shastri
· Pharmacognosy - C. K. Kokate
· Vanoushadhi Nidarshika - Vaidya Banwarilal Mishra
· Ayurvedic Pharmacology & Theropeutic Use of Medical Plants - . M. Gogte
· Some Contraversial Plants in India – Bapalalaji Vaidya
· The Wealth of India – Vol III
· Indian material medica by K.M.Nadakarni .
· Illustrated manual of herbal drugs used in ayurveda by Y.K.Sarin
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