Some important Drugs 4.TAIL PARNI (Eucalyptus globulus )

Compilation Work on

Tailparni

SECTION – I

·       INTRODUCTION OF AYURVEDA

·       INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYA GUNA

·       IMPORTANCE OF TAILPARNI

·       NIRUKTI OF TAILPARNI

·       HISTORY OF  TAILPARNI

·       CLASSIFICATION

·       VERNACULAR NAMES

·       GANA/VARGA

·       SYNONYMS

·       UTILITY OF SYNONYMS

   INTRODUCTION

Ayurveda is the science of life can be maintained amongst the most ancient medical science in the world.

          Ayurveda provides rational means for the treatment of many internal diseases are considered to be obstinate and incurable in other system of medicine. Simultaneously, it lays a great deal of emphasis upon the maintenance of positive health of an individual. Thus, aim of both the prevention and cure of the disease. Utility of the science, ayurveda is of two kind viz. protection and preservation. In health ayurveda privation and evaluation of disease. While the firmer deals with daily regimen seasonal conduct etc. The later concentrates upon the administration of drug and diet to word of the disease.

          Like the other medical science, ayurveda has been applied both internal and management of disease.

         

The relation between ayurveda and Vedic treatise has been mentioned but the usages of the plants as medicine systematically started around the time of charaka samhita (4000 B. C.)

An ancient hymps of Rugveda, we find enologies of plant and trees that provides food, shelter, medicine and delight to the human beings nourishing. Taste determined the plants of food value while the systematic effect of the body suggested the medicinal value.

  INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYAGUNA

         

1.       CHARACTERISTICS OF DRAVYAGUNA:

The first mentioning of Dravyaguna is traceable from the description of charaka who defined Ayurveda as the science which deals with the Dravya-Guna & Karmas of helpful and harmful materials.

Dravyaguna shastra has been identified as separate specially by Narahari; the author of Raja Nighantu (17 A.D.)

Acharya Priyavrat Sharma defined Dravyaguna Shastra as the branch which deals with the properties, action and therapeutic effect of various dravyas (drug).

                  

2.      SEVEN CONSTITUENTS OF DRAVYAS –

Bhavamishra (16-17 A.D.) quoted about the five constituents of a dravya viz. Rasa (taste), virya (potency), vipak (Metabolite), Guna (Property) and Prabhav (non-specific activity) adding dravya and karma (action) to the above five Acharya Yadavji Trikamji mentioned above ‘ Sapta Padarthas’ (Seven constituents of Dravya).

Dravyaguna Shastra mainly deals with these seven aspects under Fundamental principle.

1. DRAVYA:

A substance that possesses Guna (properties) and karma (action) with inherent relation in it is known as Dravya.

          2. RASA (TASTE):

The property, which is perceived through the taste – buds i.e. Rasanendriya, is known as Rasa.

          3. GUNA (PHYSICAL PROPERTIES):

It is property, which will have inherent relation with the Dravya but remain inactive. That means it cannot perform any activity of its own without the help of other ingredients. It also acts as non-inherent reason (Asamava karana) for a given therapeutic effects. E.g. Snigdha (Unctous), Seeta (cold), Tikshna (Stimulant) etc.

4. VIRYA (POTENCY):

          It is the property by which the drug produces the therapeutic effect. It is mentioned that every action of a drug is under the control of virya.

Eg. Seeta virya (endothermic) and Ushna virya (exothermic)

5. VIPAKA (DRUG METABOLISM):

It is property of a drug which is responsible for the change in the original taste etc. on exposure to GIT enzymes and which is responsible for the final from of the drug inside the body. e.g. Madhura, Amla, Katu, Vipak.

6. PRABHAV (NON SPECIFIC ACTIVITY):

When drug produces a result, which is not in accordance with the constituent viz. Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipak, then it is denoted as prabhav or shakti.

         

         

7. KARMA (PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS):

The inspirable reason for the association (Samyaga) and dissociation (Vibhaga) of drug in exhibiting it’s pharmacological action is known as “ Karma ”. e.g. Deepana, Pachana.

         

In Ayurveda, we can find lots of species may be used as medicines as well as food articles for living there are lot of different opinion regarding the identification properties, Guna, karma of each drug. This was necessarily for a type of work called as compilation to be done in drug to bring the various methods of administration, preparation and other information to common platform. This kind of work help to depend the knowledge of the particular drug and it is of immense value for the uplifment of ayurveda today.

          As the part of II phase B.A.M.S. in DG compilation on the plant origin was required to be presented by every student.

         

This is compilation work on ‘TAILPARNI’ this work, I have neither changed anything from the source not added my opinion. It is for the sequence and proper understanding. That I have arranged the whole lots in an order and detected the repetitions. I have put my all efforts to collect all the available information about ‘TAILPARNI ’  in various texts.

          In Little work is of any use of those who are interested and involved. I am glad. This mistakes that is visualized suggestions and us pardonable corrections are greatly solicited.

  IMPORTANCE OF TAILPARNI

NIRUKTI Of TAILPARNI

                तैल युक्तानि पर्णानि संत्यस्याः ।।

Ø Its leaves are full of volatile oil.

GANA / VARGA

	GANA
CHARAKA
SUSHRUTA
VAGBHATA
RAJNIGHANTU
M.Ni.
DHA.Ni.
K.Ni.
B.P.N.
Ni.A.
V.N
P.N

  VERNACULAR NAMES

SANSKRIT	Sugandha patra, Tail patra
MARATHI	Tail parni
HINDI	Bluegum, Eukaliptus
KANNADA
TELGU	Neelgiri chettu
TAMIL	Yukkalimaram
GUJRATI	Nilgiri
PUNJABI
FARSHI
MALAYA	Yukkalimaram
Urdu

               

                                                                           [Ref-]

SYNONYMS

Ø     Acc. to Dr. K.C.Chunekar (commentator of Bhava Prakash)

1.                Sarvatobhadra

2.                Malayaja

3.                Ekalipta

4.                Haridrum

5.                Telpatra

6.                Sugandhapatra

7.                Haritparni

8.                Raktaniryas

[Ref-]

UTILITY Of SYNONYMS

                                                                    

[Ref-]

 

 

SECTION –II

·       LATIN NAME

·       KULA/FAMILY

·   GENERAL CHARECTRICS FETURE OF FAMILY

·       BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

·       HABITATE

·       VARIETIES

·       CONTRAVERSIAL STATUS

LATIN NAME

Ø Eucalyptus Citriodora heok

·       Eu=good,  kalypto=conceal,the calyx which covers the flowers, Falls of like a cap all with white flowers.

·       Citriodora, citrus=lemon, odor=smell

·         Derivation of Name: Eucalyptus...from Greek, eu, well and calyptos, covered, referring to the cap which covers the developing flowers.
globulus...from Latin, globulus, a little button, referring to the shape of the operculum (the cap on the fruit).

·       

·       

·       

                                                                            [Ref-V.m.gogte]

KULA & FAMILY

 Kula      : Lavanga kula

 Family   : Myrtaceae

                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                   [Ref-V.M,gogte]

  GENARAL CHARECTERS

                                                                                                      [Ref-]

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

Ø A straight growing tree upto 100 meters tall.

Ø Bark – Smoky white with scars of old bark. If bark                  is cut bluish secretion comes out.

Ø  Leaf – Entire,sessile when small with stalks           

                        when big, lanceolate 10 to 20 gm. 

Ø -Oblong and emit a pleasant odor on crushing.

Ø Flowers – white, rarely yellowish or redish,          1-3 together in axils, thick and warty.

Ø Fruit - Rounded, dehiscent towards the apex.

Ø Seed – Many and small.

Ø Wood – its wood is used for railway track sleepers.

                                                                                               [Ref-]

  

HABITATE

Ø Australia (originally)

Ø Shillong

Ø Shimla

Ø Now found in india, hills & mountains of nilgiri.

  VARIETIES

Ø About 600 species are found in Australia.(National botanical garden of Canberra.)

                                                         [Ref-j.l.n.]

 

CONTRAVESIAL STATES

                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

                                                                                               [Ref-]

 

 

 

 

 

  SECTION III

·       MACROSCOPIC  AND  MICROSCOPIC CHARACTER

·       CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

 

MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC CHARACTER

 

 

  CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

 

 

Ø    Cineol – 62%

Ø    Eucalyptol – 50 to 60% (in oil contain, so mites do not attack the tree. )

Ø    Pinenes – 24%

Ø    Sesquiterpenc Alcohol – 5% 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                               [Ref-]

 

 

 

SECTION –IV

·       PROPERTIES

·       ACTIONS

·       USEDFUL PART

·       MATRA[dose]

·       SYSTAMIC ACTION

·       USED

·       FORMULATION OF DRUG

·       USES OF FORMULATION

 

      

PROPERTIES

1.                Rasa – Katu, Tikta, Kashaya

2.                Virya – Ushna

3.                Guna – Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshana

4.                Vipaka – Katu

5.                Doshaghnata – Kapha-pittahara, Kapha-vataghna

ACTIONS

1.                Balya

2.                Vedunahara

3.                Varna sodhana

4.                Durgandha Nashak

5.                Krumidhana

 USEFUL PART

Ø Leaf

Ø Gum

Ø Oil

Ø Niryas

MATRA (DOSE)

Ø  Leaf powder      -        1-2 gm

Ø  Phanta                -        10-50 ml

Ø  Niryasa               -        0.5 to 1 gm

Ø  Gum                   -        1-2 gm

Ø  Oil                     -          1 to 3 drops

Ø  Decoction          -        20 to 50 gm

                        

                         ACTIVITIES

Ø Analgesic and anti-inflammatory

Ø Anthelmitntic

Ø Antidiabetic

Ø Antifungal

Ø Antihyperglycemic

Ø Antimicrobial

Ø Antioxidant

Ø Antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic

Ø Antiviral

USES OF TAILPARNI

v      External :-

Ø Old, preserve oil useful in pyogenit infections.

Ø It is used to prepare ointments mixture of eucalyptus oil and mustard oil is used in osteoarthritis.

Ø Inhalation of oil in hot water vapours is useful in various lung conditions.

Ø Its analgesic property is useful in headache, bodyache and neuropathy.

Ø Enema of oil and water is useful in tread worms.

v      Internal :-

Ø In small doses it is cardio stimulant but in large dose causes cardiac arrest.

Ø Oil is useful in loss of appetite and flatulence.

Ø Gum is used in diarrhea, dysentery, bronchitis and lungs infections.     

VISHISTHA YOGA

1.    Sapta guna Tail

2.    Pancha Guna Tail

3.    Nilgiri Tail

       

  USES OF FORMULATION

 

                     

Ø Oil is useful in loss of appetite and flatulence.

Ø Oil  is useful in cystitis and chronic pyuria.

Ø Decoction of dry leaves is useful in chronic fever and typhoid fever it is a diaphoretic.

                                                                                               [Ref-]

SECTION –V

·       COLLECTION & STORAGE

·       CULTIVATION & PRAPOGATION

·       SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS

COLLECTION & STORAGE

CULTIVATION & PRAPOGATION

Ø The tree is popular in cultivation, particularly for its attractive, blue-grey (glaucous) juvenile foliage and fast growth. However, it is really too large for normal-sized surburban blocks and it has a strong and vigorous root system which can cause damage to buildings and underground pipes if the plant is not properly located. The leaves fruits and branches all have a strong 'eucalypt' fragrance and can be used as a 'pot pourri' in cupboards and drawers.

Ø E.globulus has an open textured wood with distinct growth rings. The timber is strong and durable and has been used for a variety of purposes including railway sleepers, piles, paper making, oil and honey. The tree coppices well and has been used for fuel. The volatile oil content is relatively low but that hasn't prevented substantial oil harvesting from the species, particularly in Spain and Portugal. The oil is pale yellow in colour and is used in perfumery and in soap making

         

SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS

ADULTERANTS :-  

Ø Rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) addition of eucalyptus oil Eucalyptus
globulus) & camphor oil white (Cinnamomum camphora).

Ø Generally not justified due to low cost of oil, but possibility of cutting with synthetic cineole. Often redistilled for pharmaceutical rating

Ø terpinen-4-ol and a- & g-terpinenes can now be as expensive
as the oil).

                                                                                               [Ref-]

SECTION –VI

·       RESEARCHES

·       REFERENCES (SHLOKA)

·       BIBILIOGRAPHY

RESEARCHES

REFERENCES (SHLOKA)

1.    तैलपर्ळः सुगन्धाढ्यपत्रो हरितपर्ळकः ।

सृजति क्षतमात्रेळ नीलनिर्यास इत्यासौ ।।   (द्र.वि.)

2.    हरित्पळस्तैलपर्ळो तैलपर्ळक इत्यपि ।

सुगन्धपत्रो गन्धाढ्यो नीलनिर्यासश्च सः ।।        (स्व)

3.    तैलपर्ळः लघु स्निग्धः कटुतिक्तकषायकः ।

वीर्योष्ळः कफवाध्नः पुतिजन्तुहरः स्मृतः ।।

जीर्ळकासे प्रतिश्याये स्वरभेदे च शस्यते ।   (द्र. वि.)

4.    तैलपर्ळः कटस्तिक्तः कषायोष्ळो लघुस्मृतः ।

दीपनः पाचनो ह्दधो मूत्रळो ज्वरनाशकः ।।

जीर्ळकासशिरः शूलकफदौगन्ध्यनाशनः ।

पूयमेहक्षयश्वासतन्तुकृमि विकारनुत् ।।

अग्नीमान्धप्रतिश्याय वस्तिरोगप्रवाहिकाः ।

स्वरभेदयेकत्प्लीह हद्गदांश्च विनाशयेत् ।।    (स्व.)

5.    हरिद्रुमो ज्वरहरः कीटमर्दश्च तिक्तकः ।।

कफपितहरस्तीकः सुगन्धः पृतिनाशनः ।

बलप्रदो रुचिकरी क्षताक्षेपविनाशजः ।।

जीर्ळ दुर्बाष्पविषमज्वरह्रत् कामशुलनुत् ।

तैलं दुर्गन्धहरळं पत्रं र्स्वरुजापहम् ।

सम्पर्कादस्य नश्यन्ति सर्वे रोगा न संशयः ।। (आ. वि.)

  BIBILIOGRAPHY

·       Charaka Samhita -  Acharya Priyavrat Sharma.

·       Sushruta Samhita – Pranjivan Manikchand Mehta

·       Astanga Hridaya – Vagbhata

·       Bhavaprakash Nighantu -  Gangasahay Pandeya

·       Nighantu Adarsha – Shri Bapala Vaidya

·       Raj Nighantu – Indradev Tripathi

·       Dhanwantri Nighantu – Shri P. V. Sharma

·       Dravya - Guna Vijnana – J. L. N. Shastry

·       Kaideva Nighantu – P. V. Sharma

·       A Text Book of Systematic Botany – R. N. Sutaria

·       Indian Medicinal Plants Vol – III :  Kirtikar K. R. & B. D. Basu

·       Oushadhi Niruktmala -  J. N. N. Shastri

·       Pharmacognosy          - C. K. Kokate

·       Vanoushadhi Nidarshika -  Vaidya Banwarilal Mishra

·       Ayurvedic Pharmacology & Theropeutic Use of Medical Plants  - . M. Gogte

·       Some Contraversial Plants in India – Bapalalaji Vaidya

·       The Wealth of India – Vol III

·       Indian material medica by K.M.Nadakarni .

·       Illustrated manual of herbal drugs used in ayurveda by Y.K.Sarin