Compilation Work on Bhallataka
SECTION -I
v INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDA
v INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYAGUNA
v INTRODUCTION TO BHALLATAKA
v NIRUKTI
v HISTORY OF DRUG
v BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION
v VERNACULAR NAMES
v GANA OR VARGA
v SYNONYMS
v UTILITY OF SYNONYMS
INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDA
Ayurveda is most ancient medical faculty which is brought from Brahma is not mere the myths of successful treatment, but a well experienced science of life. This science is standing on the shoulders of the three skandhas or pillars i.e. Hetu, Linga & Aushadha
The main aim of ayurveda is :
That means to protect the health of a healthy person and to cure a diseased person’s disease. Ayurveda believes in the theme that human is made of only tridosha, sapta dhatu & trimalas. In these three entities, Tridosha is considered as health & while disturbance in that balance called as ill-health. Here comes the importance of drug to cure the individual with ill-health.
The story of drug back to the prehistoric days, our many aushadhis so many years ago based partly on observation of effect on drug; partly on human trial & error method is also then is much more explanation in Rigveda & Atharvanaveda. On this long tradition & accumulated wisdom the ancient sage on concentrated efforts put forth the regional explanation of drugs. Its qualities, gustatory effects (rasa), potency (veerya) etc.
Now the questions arise that now these herbs can cure the diseases of human body.
Then this can be answered as the common between the animal kingdom, human being & plant kingdom is that the both are sendriya & pancha-bhautika in composition.
And by the theory the samanya & vishesha siddhanta. As our scholars have told that
This whole philosophy and science of DG present in our literature; which is divided into the three points.
1. Ancient period –
In this period vedic nighantu vedant, intial form of Dhanvantari nighantu, Rasavaisheshik, the oldest extant of DG is the gift of this period.
2. Medieval period –
In this period Ashtang nighantu, Paryaya-ratnamala last part of Dhanvantari nighantu etc works were completed.
3. Modern period –
In this period gives as the work like bhavprakash nighantu, raj nighantu, shaligram nighantu etc.
After nighantus many modern scholars like P V Sharma, Y T Acharya had also done eminent work. In ayurveda already told that,
The all dravyas in this whole world are considered as Aushadhi. Now the drug which is the subject of mine is botanically identified as Semecarpus anacardium from family anacardiaceae.
So, there is sufficient information of this drug available into the Samhita and nighantus and in modern books also.
So, I have tried my level best to compile the most of the information whatever it is available.
INTRODUCTION TO DRAVYAGUNA
v Characteristics of Dravyaguna Shasta :-
The first mentioning of Dravyaguna is traceable from the description of Charaka who identified Ayurveda as the science which deals with the dravyas, gunas & karmas of helpful & harmful materials.
Dravyaguna Shastra has been identified as separate specialty by Narhari the author of Raj Nighantu. Actually Acharya P V Sharma defined Dravyaguna Shastra as the branch which deals with the properties, action & therapeutic effects of various dravyas.
v Seven constituents of Dravya :-
Bhavamishra quoted about the five constituents of Dravyas viz Rasa, Virya, Vipaka, Guna & Prabhava adding Dravya & Karma to the above. Y T Acharya mentioned that sapta padarthas. Dravyaguna Shastra mainly deals with these seven aspects under the fundamental principles.
1. Dravya.
The substance which possess guna & karma with inherent relation in it is known as Dravya.
2. Rasa.
The property which is perceived through the taste-buds is known as Rasa. Ayurveda accepted six tastes viz Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya.
3. Guna.
It is a property which will have inherent relation with the dravya but remain inactive that means it cannot perform any activity of its own without the help of other ingredients. It also acts as non-inherent reason for a given therapeutic effect eg. Snigdha, Sheeta, Tiksna etc.
4. Virya.
It is the property by which the drug produces the therapeutics control of virya eg. Sheeta virya & Usna virya.
5. Vipaka.
It is a property of drug which is responsible for change in the original taste etc on exposure to GIT enzymes which is responsible for the drug inside the body.
6. Prabhava.
When the drug produces a result which is not in accordance with the constituents viz rasa, guna, virya, vipaka then it is denoted as Prabhava or shakti eg. Shirisha acting as vishanghna; Pushakaramula acting as Hridya etc.
7. Karma.
The inseperable reasons for the association & dissociation of a drug in exhibiting it is pharmacological action is known as karma & it is independent eg. Deepana, Paachana.
INTRODUCTION TO BHALLATAKA
Earliest reference about Bhallataka is found in the Panini Sutra. Charaka emphasized the Rasayana property of Bhallataka and described 10 types of preparation with it. He considered Bhallataka as the best drug to cure the diseases related to Kapha. Sushruta mentioned it as the drug of choice in the management of arshas along with Kutaja. Vagbhata quoted Bhallakata as the best drug of Sushka arshas (non bleeding piles). Several Rasayana Yogas are described with Bhallataka in Brihat Trayi texts. Sushruta identified its flowers, fruit and juice as the causative factors of Agantuka shotha (inflammation).
NIRUKTI
1.भल्लातकः भल्ल इवाताति व्रुणोति वा भल्लातकः ।
2. वीरव्रुक्षः अरूवर्णं करोति ।
अरूषिं स्फोटैर्वर्णान् करोति अरूष्करः ।
Or विशेषेणेरयेति वीरा वीराणां वा व्रुक्षो दुःस्पर्शत्वात् ।
3. अग्निमुखीः अग्निवत् मुखमस्या दाहकरत्वात् अग्निमुखी ।
(निघन्टु आदर्श)
HISTORY OF DRUG
· Maharsi Caraka has categorized bhallataka as dipaniya an appetizer, bhedaniya – accumulation breaking herb, mutra sangrahaniya – antidiuretic and kusthaghna – anti dermatosis.
· The great sage Susruta mentions it as stanyasodhana – lactodepurant.
BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Plantae
(unranked) : Angiosperms
(unranked) : Eudicots
(unranked) : Rosids
Order : Sapindales
Family : Anacardiaceae
Genus : Semecarpus
Species : S. anacardium
VERNACULAR NAMES
English | Marking nut, Dhbiz nut. |
| Hindi | Belatak, Bela, Bhilava |
| Kannada | Ger – Kayi, Geru |
| Marathi | Bibba, Bibbu |
| Sanskrit | Angika,Agnimukh,Anala, Bhallataka, Arushkara |
| Bengali | Bela |
| Tamil | Senkotai |
| Punjabi | Bhilava |
| | Bhilama |
| Arabian | Habvul Kab |
| French | Anacardier d’orient |
| Nepali | Bhilai |
| Urdu | Bhilanvana |
| Telugu | Bhallataki |
| Arabic | Beladin |
| Spanish | Anacardo |
| | Belatak, bhilavan |
| | Bholaguti |
| Saora | Nallajidi |
GANA/VARGA
Accto चरक -- छेदनीय, भेदनीय, कुष्ठघ्न, मूत्रसंग्रहणीयAccto सुऋत -- न्यग्रोधादि, मुष्तादि
Accto वाग्भट्ट -- न्यग्रोधादि, मुष्तादि
Accto प्रिय निघन्टु -- हरितक्यादि वर्ग
Accto भावप्रकाश निघन्टु -- हरितक्यादि वर्ग
Accto कैयदेव निघन्टु -- औषधिक वर्ग
Accto धन्वन्तरि निघन्टु -- औषधि वर्ग
Accto गुणरत्नमाला -- हरितक्यादि वर्ग
SYNONYMS
SYNONYMS | B.P.N. | R.N. | G.R. | D.N. |
| अग्निक | - | - | + | + |
| अग्निमुखि | - | - | + | + |
| अरुष्कर | - | - | + | + |
| वातारि | - | - | - | - |
| स्फो. बीजक | - | - | - | - |
| वीरव्रुक्ष | - | - | + | - |
| शोफहेतु | - | - | + | - |
| भल्लातक | - | - | + | + |
| तपन | - | - | - | + |
| दहन | - | - | - | + |
| धनु | - | - | - | + |
| वीरतरु | - | - | + | + |
| नभोवल्ली | - | - | - | - |
| रुक्ष | - | - | - | - |
| धनुष | - | - | - | - |
| भल्ली | - | - | - | - |
| व्रणक्रुत | - | - | - | - |
| अरुष्क | - | - | - | - |
SYNONYMS | M.P.N. | K.N. | Ni.A. | P. Ni. |
| अग्निक | + | + | - | - |
| अग्निमुखि | + | + | - | - |
| अरुष्कर | + | + | - | - |
| वातारि | - | + | - | - |
| स्फो. बीजक | - | - | - | - |
| वीरव्रुक्ष | + | - | - | - |
| शोफहेतु | - | - | - | - |
| भल्लातक | + | + | - | - |
| तपन | + | - | + | + |
| दहन | - | + | - | - |
| धनु | - | + | - | - |
| वीरतरु | - | - | - | - |
| नभोवल्ली | + | - | - | - |
| रुक्ष | + | - | - | - |
| धनुष | + | - | - | - |
| भल्ली | - | + | - | - |
| व्रणक्रुत | - | + | - | - |
| अरुष्क | - | + | - | - |
UTILITY OF SYNONYMS
1) भल्लातकः भल्ल इवाताति व्रुणोति वा भल्लातकः ।
It’s touch may produce packing pain or it scrapes away vitiated kapha like a lancet.
2) अग्निक -- अग्निवत् तीक्ष्णकारी
Its corrosiveness is compared to fire.
3) अग्निमुखी -- अग्निवत् मुखमस्या दाह करत्वात अग्निमुखी ।
It will cause burning and ulceration on the skin.
4) अरुष्कर -- अरुवर्णं करोति । अरुषिं स्फोटैव्रणान करोत्युष्करं ।
It produces rashes all over the body.
5) वातारि -- विक्रुतरुपं वातं शमयतीति ।
It acts as vatahara.
6) स्फोटबीजक -- स्फोटजनकं बीजं यस्या सा ।
Its nuts will produce rashes on the skin.
7) वीरव्रुक्ष -- वीर इव व्रुक्षो दुःस्पर्शत्वात ।
Its touch is intolerable which is similar to the same way a highly courageous worrier who can not be touched by any ordinary person.
8) शोफहेतु -- शोफस्य हेतु इति ।
It produces edema and rashes on the body.
Ref. -- निघन्टु आदर्श
SECTION – II
v LATIN NAME
v FAMILY / KULA
v GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY
v BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
v HABITAT
v VARIETIES
v CONTROVERSIAL STATUS
LATIN NAME
Semecarpus anacardium Linn.
Semecarpus – Black juice of nut used for making or tracing designs upon cloth.
Anacardium – Heart like
KULA/ FAMILY
AMRA / ANACARDIACEAE
GENERAL CHARACTERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY
· GENERAL CHARACTERS:
Plants: Trees or shrubs, often-resinous juice and bark.
Leaves: Alternate, simple or compound (as in Rhus, Spondias and Odina), exstipulate.
Inflorescence: Axillary or terminal panicle.
Flowers: Small, regular, unisexual or bisexual or polygamous, with cup shaped glandular disc between the stamens and petals.
Sepals: 3 – 5 united
Petals: 3 – 5 or 0, free, disk, cup-shaped, glandular, between petals and stamens.
Stamens: 10 or less, in 2 whorls, double the number of petals, all 10 fertile (as in Bunchnania), Rhus 5 fertile, Anacardium only on fertile and much excreted in size than others. Magnifera only one fertile out of 5, filaments free, anthers 2 celled, opening lengthwise, basifixed, arising from or under the edge or rim of an annular intra-staminal disk.
Carpels: 1 – 5 or 3; ovary superior 1 – 5 celled rarely 2 – 5 celled, styles 1 – 3, often widely separated, excentric, ovule solitary, pendulous from basal funicle.
Fruit: Drupe or nut.
Seed: Exalbuminous, cotyledons, fleshy.
· DISTRIBUTION:
The family consists of 73 genera and about 600 species chiefly found in tropics.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
It is moderate sized tree.
Leaves -18 – 60 by, 10 – 30 cm, obovate – oblong, rounded at the apex, cariaceous, glabrous above, ashy grey or buff and more or less pubescent beneath and with cartilaginous margins, base rounded and cordate or cuneate, sometimes shortly auricled, main nerves 15 – 25 pairs making a large angle with the costa, sometimes nearly horizontal, prominent on both surfaces; petioles 1.2 – 3.8 cms long flowers greenish white, sub sessile, fascicled in pubescent panicles which are equal to shorter than the leaves, the female panicles shorter than the male, pedicles short bracts lanceolate pilose. Calyx segment about 1mm long, pilose outside. Petals 4 – 5 mm long by 2 mm broad, ovate, acute. Ovary in the male flowers rudimentary, hairy, in female subglobuse, densely pilose, crowned with 3 styles. Drupes 2 – 5 cm long, obliquely avoid or oblong, smooth and shining, black when ripe seated on a fleshy receptacle or hypocarp about 2 cm long, smooth and yellow when ripe.
HABITAT
Sub-Himalayan tract from the Bias eastwards, ascending in the outer hills up to 3,500 ft. Assam, Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Central India and the western Peninsula.
Archipelago, N. Australia
VARIETIES
Nighantu texts described Kajutaka or Vrtta Arushkar, which is identified with “Anacardium Occidentale Linn” (Cashew nut).
In Nighantu Ratnakara another plant ‘Nadi Bhallataka’ is mentioned. A/c is text Kajutaka is used as tonic and indicated for leucoderma, hemorrhoids, Grahani etc. Nadi Bhallataka is known with synonyms like vrsanka Gojanaka ad is sheeta virya.
CONTROVERSIAL STATUS
We come across “Nadi Bhallataka” in sushruta samhita Thakurji is of opinion that it may belong to ‘Ficus’ genus. He also expresses his view that Nadi Bhallataka may be the Nadi. Nadi Still remains to be controversial plant.
(च. सु. २७/१११, सु. सं. ४६/२४१)
(अ.ह. सुत्र. ६/७७, ६/९२, १५/४१)
SECTION – III
v MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS
v CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
MACROSCOPIC & MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS
a) Macroscopic
Fruit laterally flattened, drupaceous, dark brown, nut 2.5-3 cm long, obliquely ovoid, smooth, shining with residual receptacle.
Fruit laterally flattened, drupaceous, dark brown, nut 2.5-3 cm long, obliquely ovoid, smooth, shining with residual receptacle.
b) Microscopic
Fruit - Pericarp differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp; in longitudinal section pericarp shows outer epicarp consisting of single layer of epidermal cells which are elongated radially and lignified, characteristic glands found in pericarp which exude oil globules and arise as small protuberances in epicarp and due to pressure exerted by cells of mesocarp, some of epidermal cells and cuticle rupture and oil globules exude from oil glands; mesocarp a very broad zone, 30-40 layers thick, composed mostly of parenchymatous cells having lysigenous cavities and fibro-vascular bundles, below epidermis a few outer cells of parenchyma smaller as compared to rest; rosette crystals
of calcium oxalate found scattered in parenchymatous cells, some cells get dissolved and form lysigenous cavities which increase in size with maturity of fruit, cavities do not have any special lining and contain an acrid and irritant yellowish oily secretion; endocarp consists of two distinct layers, innermost prismatic, very much elongated radial walls, being highly thickened, outer layer shorter and thinner than prismatic layer but cells similar to the former; number of mesocarp parenchyma contain rosette crystals of calcium oxalate and oil drops in oil glands; lysigenous cavities of mesocarp contain oily vesicating substance, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform.
of calcium oxalate found scattered in parenchymatous cells, some cells get dissolved and form lysigenous cavities which increase in size with maturity of fruit, cavities do not have any special lining and contain an acrid and irritant yellowish oily secretion; endocarp consists of two distinct layers, innermost prismatic, very much elongated radial walls, being highly thickened, outer layer shorter and thinner than prismatic layer but cells similar to the former; number of mesocarp parenchyma contain rosette crystals of calcium oxalate and oil drops in oil glands; lysigenous cavities of mesocarp contain oily vesicating substance, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
- Kernel contains – Sweet oil.
- The pericarp – bitter and powerful astringent principle.
- The black corrosive juice of pericarp
i) Tarry oil consist 90% of oxy-acid named anacardiac acid.
ii) 10% higher, non-volatile alcohol called cardol.
- Pericarp – Vesicating oil 32% soluble in ether, which blackens on exposure of air.
- Fruit – 2.14% of ash.
- Root bark – Acrid, viscid juice. By extracting the crushed seeds (with petroleum, alcohol and water) it has been found to isolate the products.
Fixed oil –
Monohydroxyl compound
Catechol
Two monobasic acids.
Potassium salt of an acrid with reducing properties.
- Other constituents are –
· Dinitrohydrobhilawanol dimethyl ether.
· (Monohydroxy phenol) semecarpol Bhilawanol.
· Tarry non-volatile corrosive residue.
SECTION – IV
v PROPERTIES
v ACTION
v USES
v USEFUL PARTS
v DOSES
v SYSTEMIC ACTION
v FORMULATIONS OF DRUG
PROPERTIES
| | Ni. A. | B.P.N | G.R. |
| रस | कषाय, मधुर | कषाय, मधुर | मधुर, कषाय |
| गुण | लघु, स्निग्ध | लघु, स्निग्ध | लघु, स्निग्ध |
| वीर्य | उष्ण | उष्ण | उष्ण |
| विपाक | मधुर | मधुर | मधुर |
| | D.N. | R.N. | K.N. |
| रस | कषाय, तिक्त | कषाय, तिक्त, मधुर | कषाय, तिक्त, मधुर |
| गुण | लघु, स्निग्ध | लघु, स्निग्ध | लघु, स्निग्ध |
| वीर्य | उष्ण | उष्ण | उष्ण |
| विपाक | मधुर | मधुर | मधुर |
ACTIONS
| ACTIONS | B.P.N. | R.N. | D.N. | P.Ni. |
| क्रुमीघ्न | + | + | + | + |
| अर्शोघ्न | + | - | + | + |
| कुष्ठघ्न | + | - | + | + |
| वातशामक | + | - | + | + |
| कफशामक | + | - | + | + |
| ज्वरघ्न | + | - | + | + |
| आनाह | + | - | + | - |
| शोथघ्न | + | - | + | - |
| उर्ध्वदोष | - | - | + | - |
| प्रमेह | - | + | + | - |
| व्रणोत्पादक | + | + | + | - |
USES
| INDICATIONS | M.P.N. | D.N. | B.P.N. |
| अर्श | - | + | + |
| कुष्ठ | + | + | + |
| ज्वर | + | - | - |
| क्रिमि | + | - | + |
| गुल्म | + | + | + |
| उरुस्तंभ | - | - | - |
| कफज रोग | - | - | + |
| गण्ड | - | - | + |
| अपचि | - | - | - |
| व्रुध्धिरोग | - | - | - |
| रक्तदुष्टि | - | - | - |
| अग्निमांध्य | - | - | - |
| विबन्ध | - | - | - |
| ग्रहणी | + | + | - |
| वातविकार | - | - | + |
| विसूचिका | - | - | + |
| क्ष्वित्रकुष्ठ | + | - | - |
| अफारा | + | - | - |
| उदररोग | + | - | - |
| मंदाग्नि | + | - | - |
| व्रण | + | - | - |
| INDICATIONS | Ni. A. | R.N. | P. Ni. |
| अर्श | + | - | + |
| कुष्ठ | + | - | + |
| ज्वर | + | - | - |
| क्रिमि | + | - | + |
| गुल्म | + | - | - |
| उरुस्तंभ | + | - | - |
| कफज रोग | - | - | + |
| गण्ड | - | - | + |
| अपचि | - | - | + |
| व्रुध्धिरोग | - | - | + |
| रक्तदुष्टि | - | - | + |
| अग्निमांध्य | - | - | + |
| विबन्ध | - | - | + |
| ग्रहणी | - | - | - |
| वातविकार | - | - | - |
| विसूचिका | - | - | - |
| क्ष्वित्रकुष्ठ | - | - | - |
| अफारा | - | - | - |
| उदररोग | - | - | - |
| मंदाग्नि | - | - | - |
| | | | |
USEFUL PARTS
Fruit (Seeds), gum, oil, godambi
Description :
भल्लातक पक्व फलः --मधुर विपाक, गुरु, विष्टंभकारक, धातुवर्धक, रुक्ष, शीत, वात & कफ उत्पन्न, शुक्रजनन, digest after the long period, बलकारक, removes रक्तपित्त
भल्लातक अस्थि --
मधुर, तिक्त, कषाय रस, कटु विपाक, लघु, पाचन, स्निग्ध, तीक्ष्ण, उष्ण, छेदन, मलभेदन, मेध्य, अग्निवर्धक, कफ, वात, व्रण, उदररोग, कुष्ठ, अर्श, ग्रहणी, गुल्म, शोथ, आनाह, ज्वर, क्रुमीघ्न it is दीपनीय in action
भल्लातक मज्जा --मधुर, धातुवर्धक, शुक्रजनक, वात-पित्त प्रशामाक considered as रसायण
(B.P.N.)
DOSES
Accto भावप्रकाश निघन्टु --तैल : 1 – 2 drops
अवलेह : ¼ - ½ tola
क्षीरपाक : 1 – 2 tola
Accto द्रव्यगुण हस्तमाला -- कल्क : 3 – 5 gm
तैल : 1 – 2 drops
SYSTEMIC ACTION
Circulatory system: Useful in cardiac debility because it is a cardiac stimlulant, white cell enhancer and alleviates swelling. A stimulating action on lymphadentis and other inflammations.
Digestive system: Used in gastrointestinal disorders by its actions like appetizer, digestant, purgative, liver stimulant and anthelmintix. Useful in loss or appetite, digestive disorders, constipation, abdominal distension, gulma, ascites, sprue, piles and various types of worms. Shevate is the best remedy for intestinal colic. 10-25 drops of this oil are mixed with sugar and given to the patient. Mainly used for hookworm. An effective medicine for piles because improves blood circulation in the liver, and reduces pressure on veins and reduces blood accumulation of rectal veins and thus dried piles. Prevents tongue coating.
Nervous System: Useful in weakness of brain and nerves, epilepsy, sciatic neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis and hemiplegia.
Respiratory system: Expectorant. Useful in cough and asthma. Flowers in milk should be given for asthma. In cough caused by relaxation of the uvila and palate,shevate is given in milk
Reproductive system: Promotes virility, stimulates penile nerves, hence it is an aphrodisiac. It stimulates uterus by its hot and sharp properties. It is used in seminal weakness, impotency and dysmenorrhoea.
FORMULATIONS OF DRUG
· विडंगादि लेह
· अभय भल्लातक चूर्ण
· भल्लातक कल्क
· भल्लातक सक्तु
· भल्लातकादि मोदक
· भल्लातक विडंग घ्रुत
· पिप्पल्यादि कल्क
· सैंधवादि तैल
· भल्लातक रसायण
· अम्रुत भल्लातक लेह
· भल्लातक तैल
· भल्लातक घ्रुत
· भल्लातक क्षीर
· भल्लातकारिष्ठ
· निंबारिकारिष्ठ
· सर्षप निम्ब लेह
SECTION – V
v POISONOUS EFFECTS
v SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
v TREATMENT
v FATAL DOSE AND FATAL PERIOD
v PURIFICATION METHOD
v PRECAUTION
v PROHIBITION
v ANTIDOTE
v CONTRA – INDICATIONS
POISONOUS EFFECTS
- If Bhallataka takes in excess quantity then it is poisonous to out body, and some can’t tolerate its fatal effects.
- It gives dark color to the urine.
- Due to Bhallataka burning sensation is produced in our body.
- Bhallataka produces patches, itching, diarrhea, wounds epilepsy and itching mainly on anus region or urethral region.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BHALLATAKA
1) Contact with skin produces inflammation and vesication.
2) Ingestion causes severe gastroenteritis, hypo tension and delirium.
Death is uncommon.
TREATMENT
Accto AYURVEDA:
रसो हि मेघनादस्य नवनीत समान्वितः ।
भल्लातकसंभवं शोकं हन्ति लेपेन देहिनाम् ॥
दारुसर्षपमुस्ताभिः नवनीतेन लेपयेत ।
भल्लातकविकारो अयम् सध्यो गच्छति देहिनाम् ॥
(अनुपानमंजरी ३/४ – ५)
The juice extracted from meghanada (Ameranthus tricolor) mixed with butter if applied locally subsides the swelling caused by Bhallataka. The mixture of devadaru, sarshapa and musta mixed with butter if applied on the body subsides all the complications caused by Bhallataka.
A/C MODERN:
This symptomatic when applied externally the parts should be washed warm water and bland liniments applied.
FATAL DOSE AND FATAL PERIOD
- Fatal dose is uncertain but considered to be about 10 gms.
- It may produce death within 12 to 24 hrs.
REF-FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY BY NARAYAN REDDY
PURIFICATION METHOD
The seed of Bhallataka should be soaked in water and rubbed over a piece of brick till outer coating is removed.
- With the help of knife, its upper portion should be removed.
- Then it should be washed with warm water.
- Thereafter these seeds should be tied in a piece of cloth in the form of pottali (round bolus) and cooked in “dholayantra” by adding cows milk for 3 hours.
- Thereafter, these sees should again be washed with warm water and dried.
PRECAUTION
Some people are very allergic to Bhallataka. They should not handle this drug during shodhana and such patients should never be given this drug.
Before using Bhallataka or its preparation, mouth should be smeared with ghee and if during the treatment by Bhallataka there is itching in anus or urethra, salivation, gingivitis or glossitis. Then the therapy should be discontinued.
PROHIBITION
In following diseases
Diseases, in bleeding disorders, pregnant woman, adults, in children, diarrhoerial persons, in inflammation of kidney and in summer season.
REF-B.P.N.
ANTIDOTE
Coconut is a good antidote. It’s pulp and water can be used to counteract the toxic effects of Bhallataka
INDICATION
At the time of administration of Bhallataka the ghee, milk and rice should be used in more quantity.
CONTRA-INDICATION
Basking in sun, company of woman, eating of meat, salt, exercise and with the oil all should be avoided.
SECTION – VI
v RESEARCHES
v REFERENCES – SHLOKA
v BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESEARCHES
Plant extract showed direct depressant effect on isolated frog hear & rabbit intestine and antagonized spasmogenic effects of carbachal. Histamine, banium chloride & pitocin. Trypan blue capillary permeability test was found to be positive. It produced delayed hypotension in dogs which remained unaltered after atropinisation (IJMR 1967)
Chloroform extract of nuts signcantly increased lifespan ion ascites tumor systems (L-1210,p-383 advanced p-388 and sublines of p-388 resistant to adriamycin or uincristine) and solid tumor systems (B-16 melanoma and gilioma-26) (Ind. J. Bilo 1980)
A resinous material from methanol extract and an orange colored oil from PE extract of the nuts have been found to possess antitumor properties against p-388 lymphocytic leucamia in mice (chitins et ali 1980 & 1983 Indap et ali)
A cytotoxic effect of acetylated oil of the plant has also been reported. (pathak et ali 1983)
REFERNCES
भल्लातकानित तीक्ष्णाग्निपाकीन्यग्निसमानित च ।
भवन्त्यम्रुतकल्पानि प्रयुक्तानि यथाविधि ॥
( च. चि. १-२/७)
भल्लातक तैलम् :
भल्लातकतैलपात्रं समयस्कं मधुकेन
कल्केनाक्षयमात्रेण शतपाकं कुयादिती समानंपूर्वेण ।
(च. चि. १-२/१५)
भल्लातक क्षोद्रम् :भल्लातकानां जर्जरीक्रुतानां पिष्ट्स्वेदनं पूर्यित्वा भूमावाष्ठं निस्यातस्य स्नेह - भावितस्य व्रुढस्योपरि कुमभस्यारोप्योडुपेना - पिधाय क्रुष्णम्रुत्तिकावलिप्तं गोमयाग्निभिरुपस्वेदयेत्, तेषां यं स्वरसः कुम्भं प्रपधित् तमष्टभागमधुरसम्प्रयुक्तं द्विगुणघ्रुतमध्यात् तत्प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतमरं वयस्तिष्ठतीति समानंपेर्वण ।
(च. चि. १-२/१४)
भल्लातकस्य पक्वफलम् :
भल्लातकफलम् पक्वं स्वादुपाकरस गुरु ।
विष्टाम्भि ब्रुंहणं रुक्षं हिमं वातबलासक्रुत् ॥
(कै. नि. ४९७)
रसायने भल्लातकयोगा :
भल्लातक सर्पिः, भल्लातकक्षीरं, भल्लातकक्षौद्रं, गुडभल्लातकं, भल्लातकायुषः, भल्लातकतैलं, भल्लातकपललं, भल्लातकसक्तवः, भल्लातक लवणं, भल्लातकतर्षणम् इति भल्लातकविधानमुक्तं भवति ।
(च. चि. १-२, १६)
भल्लातकस्य सामान्यगुणाः :भल्लातकस्य कषायोष्णः शुक्रलो मधुरो लघुः ।
वातश्लेष्मोदरानाहकुष्ठार्शोग्रुहणीगदान् ॥
हन्ति गुल्मज्वरश्वित्रवहिन्मान्ध्य क्रुमिव्रणाम् ।
(भा. नि. २३२)
भल्लातकात् कल्ककषायपक्वं सर्पिः पिबेत् शर्करया विमिश्रम् ।
तद्रक्तपित्त विनिहन्ति पीतं बलासगुल्मं मधुना समेतम ॥
(चक्रदत्त गुल्मचि ३ - १००)
अर्शः सुःतिकतारुष्करसंयोग भक्षयेदग्निवर्धनम् ।
कुष्ठरोगहरं श्रेष्ठमर्शसां नाशनं परम् ॥
(अर्शरोगोधिकार)
प्लीहोदरे :भल्लातकाभयाजाजीगुडेन सह मोदकः ।
सप्तरात्रै निर्हन्त्याशु प्लीनमर्तिदारुणाम् ॥
(वंगसेन)
इन्द्रलुप्ते :इन्द्रलुप्ताष्ही लेपो मधुना . . .
भल्लातकरसोडथवा ।
(शिरोरोगाधिकार)
उरुस्तम्भः :भल्लातकफलं पिष्ट्वा पिप्प्लीमूल संयुतम् ।
उरुस्तम्भविनाशाय पिबेन्मधुसमन्वितम् ॥
(वातरोगाधि)
क्रिमिनाशनार्थम् :भल्लातकास्थिस्वरसं विडंगर्धेन संयुक्तम् ।
सूर्यतप्तं लिहेध्युक्त्या सिद्धक्रिमिविनाशनम् ॥
(क्रिमिरोगाधिकार)
ज्वरागमनवासरे :सगुडैः भल्लातकमथापि वा ।
(अ. ह् चि. १/१५३)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Charaka Samhita – By Brahmanand Tripathi.
2) Nighantu Adarsha – Shri. Bapalal Vaidya
3) Kaiyadeva Nighantu – Pathyapathya vibodhak, Sampadaka Acharya Priyavat Sharma
4) Sampadaka – Priyavat Sharma
5) Bhavaprakash Nighantu – Bhavaprakash with Vidhyotini commt. By Bhishgratna.
6) Dhanvantari Nighantu – Zarkahanda oza
7) Bhaishajya Ratnavali – Shri. Ambikadatta Shashtri.
8) Raj Nighantu – Indradeva Tripathi
9) Indian Medical Plant – K. R. Kirtikar, B.D. Basu
10) Indian Materia Medica – Dr. K. M. Nadakarni, Vol. 1
11) Priya Nighantu – Acharya Priyavat Sharma
12) Dravya guna Vignana – Dr. JLN Shashtri
13) Vanoushadhi chandrodaya - Prof. Ramsushil Sinha.
14) Yoga Ratnakara –
15) Astanga Sangraha – Shri. Vagbhata
16) Amarkosha – Notes of Harigovinda Shatri
17) Chakradatta – Shri. Chakrapani & Bharathas andipini
18) Shabdakalpadrum – Narahari Pandit
19) Forensic medicine and toxicology by narayan reddy.
Excellent,elabrative in detail and depth information,which is much useful forbeginner and learned scholars too to the field of Ayurveda shashthra
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